Gender Differences in the Kazakhstan Labor Market and Their Impact on Economic Growth

The problem of gender inequality in the labor market remains as the most important factor limiting the use of human capital and the potential for sustainable economic growth. The aim of the study is to assess the dynamics of the gender wage gap and empirically verify its relationship with GDP and inflation for 2019-2023. The methodological framework includes descriptive and comparative statistical analysis, calculation of the gender pay gap coefficient (hereinafter – GPG), as well as correlation and regression analysis aimed at identifying the relationship between the gap level and macroeconomic indicators. The data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, official collections and open sources on average salaries of men and women by sector and region were used as initial data. The results of the study show that, on average, women earned 24- 27% less than men in 2019, while by 2023 the gap had narrowed to 21%, indicating a partial convergence of incomes. However, in a number of industries (construction, industry, finance) A gap of over 30% remains, while in education and healthcare it is decreasing to 15-18%. The analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between the dynamics of GDP and the level of the gender gap (r ≈ -0.45), which indicates a partial dependence of income equality on the general state of the economy. Thus, despite the positive trends, eliminating gender inequality requires comprehensive measures aimed at increasing wage transparency, increasing women's access to high-paying sectors, and fostering an inclusive corporate culture.

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