qainarQainar Journal of Social ScienceQainar Journal of Social Science2958-72122958-7220Q University10.58732/2958-7212-2023-2-62-76qainar-84Research ArticleСтатьиБолезни животных и их влияние на экологическую среду и здоровье населенияAnimal disease and its impact on the ecological environment and public healthhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-4402ЛапбаеваС. Ш.LapbaevaS. Sh.

к. э. н., доцент

Алматы

Sanimkul Sh. Lapbaeva, Сand. Sc. (Econ.), Associate Professor

Almaty

sanim80@mail.ruИшикМ.IsikM.

почетный профессор

Алматы

Турция

Стамбул

Musa Isik, honorary professor

Almaty

Turkey

Istanbul

musa.0@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-7632ШмановаН. С.ShmanovaN. S.

м. э. н., старший преподаватель

Алматы

Nurgul S. Shmanova, Mr. Sc. (Econ), Senior Lecturer

Almaty

nurka_20_10@mail.ruАкадемия КайнарКазахстанKainar AcademyKazakhstanКазахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет; Благотворительный фонд «Шукранская ассоциация содействия сотрудничеству и развитиюКазахстанKazakh National Agrarian Research University; Şükran tribe solidarity assistance and development associationKazakhstan202318062023226175Copyright © Лапбаева С.Ш., Ишик М., Шманова Н.С., 20232023Лапбаева С.Ш., Ишик М., Шманова Н.С.Lapbaeva S.S., Isik M., Shmanova N.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/84

   На протяжении веков люди осознавали важность обеспечения взаимодействия между сферами здравоохранения, животноводства и охраны окружающей среды. Около 20 лет назад появилась концепция "Единого здравоохранения", предполагающая целостный и межсекторальный подход к разработке и реализации программ по обеспечению здоровья человека, а также программ, влияющих на здоровье животных и окружающую среду. Актуальность изучения болезней животных и их влияния на экологическую среду и здоровье населения не вызывает сомнений. Более того, могут возникнуть проблемы эпидемий на охраняемых территориях с дикими животными, которые также оказывают серьезное воздействие не только на окружающую среду (пастбища, угодья, водную среду), но и на население – это риск для здоровья человека. Основными экологическими угрозами здоровью человека в относительно благополучных странах являются загрязненный воздух, шум и воздействие токсичных веществ. Несмотря на то, что доказать прямую связь между заболеванием и загрязнением окружающей среды крайне сложно, такие случаи можно встретить в каждой стране. Многие факторы, определяющие развитие заболеваний, могут быть уменьшены или предотвращены с помощью государственного регулирования и информационных кампаний среди населения. Многочисленные исследования также показали, что утрата биоразнообразия увеличивает риск инфекционных заболеваний среди животных, а также риск их передачи человеку, в то время как широкое биологическое разнообразие снижает скорость передачи патогенов и, следовательно, риск заболеваний для людей, диких животных, домашнего скота и растений.

   For centuries, people have recognized the importance and engaged in ensuring interaction between the spheres of health, animal husbandry and environmental protection. About 20 years ago, the concept of "Unified Health" appeared, suggesting a holistic and intersectoral approach to the development and implementation of programs to ensure human health, as well as programs that affect animal health and the environment. The relevance of the study of animal diseases and the impact on the ecological environment and the health of the population is beyond doubt. Moreover, the problems of epidemics in protected areas with wild animals, which also cause serious impacts not only on the environment (pastures, lands, aquatic environment), but also the population can suffer – a risk to human health. The main environmental threats to human health in relatively prosperous countries are polluted air, noise and exposure to toxic substances. Despite the fact that it is extremely difficult to prove a direct relationship between the disease and environmental pollution, such cases can be found in every country. Many of the factors that determine the development of diseases can be reduced or prevented through government regulation and information campaigns among the population. Numerous studies have also shown that the loss of biodiversity increases the risk of infectious diseases among animals, as well as the risk of their transmission to humans. While broad biodiversity reduces the transmission rate of pathogens and, consequently, the risk of diseases for humans, wild animals, livestock and plants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.