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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">qainar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Qainar Journal of Social Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Qainar Journal of Social Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2958-7212</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2958-7220</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Q University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58732/2958-7212-2026-3-66-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">qainar-652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распределительная справедливость социальных гарантий для работников во вредных условиях труда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Distributive Justice in Social Guarantees for Workers in Hazardous Working Conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-3625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекмагамбетов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekmagambetov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ю.н., ассоциированный профессор, заместитель генерального директора</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alimzhan B. Bekmagambetov – Cand. Sc. (Law), Associate Professor, Deputy General Director</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adilet1979@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7500-4931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райхан</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raikhan</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Meiir S. Raikhan – Master of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meir.raikhan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-432X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искакова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskakova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.м.н., доцент</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aiman S. Iskakova – Cand. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ayman.astana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-6111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарыбаева</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarybayev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ученый секретарь</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inara E. Sarybayeva – Academic Secretary</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inarasaribaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-исследовательский институт по охране труда МТСЗН РК</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Research Institute for Occupational Safety and Health MLSP RK</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекмагамбетов А.Б., Райхан М.С., Искакова А.С., Сарыбаева И.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекмагамбетов А.Б., Райхан М.С., Искакова А.С., Сарыбаева И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekmagambetov A.B., Raikhan M.S., Iskakova A.S., Sarybayev I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/652">https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/652</self-uri><abstract><p>Система социальных гарантий работникам, занятым во вредных и опасных условиях труда, остается важным элементом социальной защиты. Цель исследования – оценить распределительную справедливость действующей системы социальных гарантий в Казахстане, сопоставить ее с зарубежными моделями и определить возможности перехода от перечневого к риск-ориентированному механизму предоставления гарантий. Методы исследования включают сравнительный институционально-правовой анализ, направленный контент-анализ законодательства, описательный статистический анализ, а также оценку финансовых и стимулирующих эффектов предлагаемой реформы. Исходные данные охватывают законодательство 11 стран — шести стран СНГ (Казахстан, Россия, Беларусь, Узбекистан, Кыргызстан, Армения) и пяти стран ОЭСР (США, Германия, Великобритания, Франция, Канада), а также данные формы Бюро национальной статистики Республики Казахстан за 2021–2025 гг. Результаты показали, что число работников, получающих хотя бы одну социальную гарантию, практически не изменилось, тогда как доля охваченных гарантиями снизилась с 41,54% до 38,75% (–2,79 п.п.). Расходы работодателей выросли с 167,9 до 341,9 млрд тенге, то есть в 2.04 раза в номинальном выражении и на 26.4% в реальном выражении. Расходы на одного получателя увеличились с 246,2 до 501,4 тыс. тенге. Предлагаемый переход к дифференциации гарантий по измеренному уровню риска и шкале взносов 3–9% позволяет сохранить фискальную нейтральность и одновременно сформировать экономический стимул работодателя к снижению профессионального риска.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The system of social guarantees for workers engaged in harmful and dangerous working conditions remains an important element of social protection. The purpose of the study is to assess the distributional fairness of the current system of social guarantees in Kazakhstan, compare it with foreign models and determine the possibilities of transition from a list–based to a risk-based mechanism for providing guarantees. The research methods include comparative institutional and legal analysis, targeted content analysis of legislation, descriptive statistical analysis, as well as an assessment of the financial and incentive effects of the proposed reform. The initial data cover the legislation of 11 countries — six CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia) and five OECD countries (USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Canada), as well as data from the form of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025. The results showed that the number of employees receiving at least one social guarantee remained virtually unchanged, while the share of those covered by guarantees decreased from 41.54% to 38.75% (-2.79 percentage points). Employers' expenses increased from 167.9 to 341.9 billion tenge, that is, by 2.04 times in nominal terms and by 26.4% in real terms the expression. The proposed transition to the differentiation of guarantees according to the measured risk level and the contribution scale of 3-9% allows maintaining fiscal neutrality and at the same time creating an economic incentive for the employer to reduce occupational risk.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>труд</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>охрана труда</kwd><kwd>социальная защита</kwd><kwd>социальная гарантия</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Labor</kwd><kwd>Labor Market</kwd><kwd>Employment</kwd><kwd>Labor Protection</kwd><kwd>Social Protection</kwd><kwd>Social Guarantee</kwd><kwd>Professional Risk</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства труда и социальной защиты населения Республики Казахстан (BR22182673)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this study was funded by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BR22182673)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aleksanyan, A., &amp; Aleksanyan, A. 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