qainarQainar Journal of Social ScienceQainar Journal of Social Science2958-72122958-7220Q University10.58732/2958-7212-2026-2-83-105qainar-579Research ArticleСтатьиИскусственный интеллект и инновации в контексте социального развития: этико-правовой анализArtificial Intelligence and Innovation in the Context of Social Development: An Ethical and Legal Analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-9804КупешоваС.KupeshovaS.

к.э.н, ассоциированный профессор 

Алматы

Saule Kupeshova – Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Associate Professor 

Almaty 

s.kupeshova1@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-547XЖидебекқызыА.ZhidebekkyzyA.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор 

Алматы

Aknur Zhidebekkyzy – PhD, Associate Professor

Almaty

a.zhidebekkyzy@almau.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-5655УнербаеваР.UnerbayevaR.

старший преподаватель 

Алматы

Raushan Unerbayeva – Senior Lecturer 

Almaty 

raushan.unerbaeva@gmail.comКазахский национальный университет им. Аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanАлматы менеджемент университетКазахстанAlmaty Management UniversityKazakhstan2026010720265283105Copyright © Купешова С., Жидебекқызы А., Унербаева Р., 20262026Купешова С., Жидебекқызы А., Унербаева Р.Kupeshova S., Zhidebekkyzy A., Unerbayeva R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/579

Стремительное развитие искусственного интеллекта (далее – ИИ) наряду с повышением эффективности инновационной деятельности усиливает актуальность этических и правовых вопросов его регулирования. Целью исследования является анализ этических и правовых проблем, возникающих в условиях интеграции ИИ в инновационную деятельность, систематизация международных и национальных подходов к регулированию, а также оценка особенностей регулирования сферы ИИ в Казахстане. Методологическую основу исследования составили диалектический метод, сравнительный анализ, метод анализа документов, литературный обзор и контент-анализ. В ходе исследования были сравнительно проанализированы подходы к регулированию ИИ, применяемые ЮНЕСКО, OECD, G7/G20, IEEE, WIPO, Европейским союзом и отдельными государствами. Результаты показали, что ОЭСР выделяет 10 ключевых категорий рисков ИИ, включая киберугрозы, манипуляции информацией, усиление социального неравенства, нарушение конфиденциальности и дефицит механизмов управления. Исследование показало, что Европейский союз разработал один из наиболее комплексных подходов к регулированию ИИ, приняв AI Act, включающий 85 статей и систему классификации технологий по уровням риска. Выявлено, что большинство стран сохраняют подход, согласно которому автором результатов интеллектуальной деятельности признаётся исключительно человек, несмотря на активное использование ИИ. Сделан вывод о необходимости формирования комплексной системы этического и правового регулирования ИИ, обеспечивающей баланс между развитием инноваций, защитой прав человека и снижением социальных и технологических рисков.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI), along with increasing the effectiveness of innovation activities, increases the relevance of ethical and legal issues of its regulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ethical and legal problems that arise in the context of the integration of AI into innovation activities, systematize international and national approaches to regulation, as well as assess the specifics of AI regulation in Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method, comparative analysis, document analysis, literature review and content analysis. The study comparatively analyzed the approaches to AI regulation applied by UNESCO, OECD, G7/G20, IEEE, WIPO, the European Union and individual states. The results showed that the OECD identifies 10 key categories of AI risks, including cyber threats, information manipulation, increased social inequality, privacy violations, and a lack of governance mechanisms. The study showed that the European Union has developed one of the most comprehensive approaches to AI regulation by adopting the AI Act, which includes 85 articles and a system for classifying technologies by risk levels. It has been revealed that most countries maintain an approach according to which the author of the results of intellectual activity is recognized exclusively as a human being, despite the active use of AI. It is concluded that it is necessary to form an integrated system of ethical and legal regulation of AI, ensuring a balance between the development of innovations, the protection of human rights and the reduction of social and technological risks.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.