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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">qainar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Qainar Journal of Social Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Qainar Journal of Social Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2958-7212</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2958-7220</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Q University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58732/2958-7212-2024-4-83-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">qainar-289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социальная дипломатия и внешняя политика Китая: трансформация и глобальные вызовы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social Diplomacy and China's Foreign Policy: Transformation and Global Challenges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-9261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abueva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д п. н., профессор, визит-профессор</p><p>Шаосин; Казахстан; Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nurbanu A. Abueva, Doc. Sc. (Polit.), Professor, Visiting Professor</p><p>Shaoxing; Kazakhstan; Almaty </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.abueva@turan-edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9362-7472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Циньпин</surname><given-names>Дин</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Qinping</surname><given-names>Ding</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр, лектор</p><p>Шаосин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Qinping Ding, Master's Degree, Lecturer</p><p>Shaoxing</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">815693234@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Чжэцзянский университет иностранных языков Юесю; Университет Туран<country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages; Turan University<country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Чжэцзянский университет иностранных языков Юесю<country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages<country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абуева Н.А., Циньпин Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абуева Н.А., Циньпин Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abueva N.A., Qinping D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/289">https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/289</self-uri><abstract><p>   В условиях ускоряющейся трансформации международной системы и глобализации современная внешняя политика Китая демонстрирует эволюцию от оборонительных стратегий к проактивному лидерству в формировании международных правил и стандартов.</p><p>   Целью настоящего исследования является проведение комплексного анализа трансформации внешней политики Китая с 1949 г. по настоящее время, включая выявление ключевых этапов, стратегических направлений и результатов дипломатической деятельности.</p><p>   Результаты исследования показывают, что внешняя политика Китая прошла три этапа: первый этап «стремление к выживанию» (1949–1978 гг.), характеризующийся политикой блокового противостояния и поддержкой национально-освободительных движений; второй этап – «стремление к развитию» (1978–2012 гг.), ориентированный на экономическую интеграцию и реформы в условиях глобализации; третий этап – «формирование правил» (с 2012 г. по настоящее время), в котором Китай активно участвует в разработке международных норм и инициатив глобального управления. Результаты исследования показывают, что современная китайская дипломатия сочетает экономические, технологические и институциональные инструменты воздействия, демонстрируя институциональное укрепление в многосторонних форматах, продвижение инициатив «Один пояс, один путь» и активное участие в создании новых стандартов цифровой экономики и климатического регулирования. В рамках инициативы «Один пояс, один путь» необходимо обновить парадигму сотрудничества Юг-Юг и создать «глобальную партнерскую сеть», охватывающую 128 стран, для достижения взаимовыгодного сотрудничества и общего развития. В заключение подчеркивается, что Китай продолжает формировать новую модель внешнеполитической активности, ориентированную на сбалансированное сочетание национальных интересов в условиях усложняющейся глобальной динамики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   In the context of the accelerating transformation of the international system and globalization, China's modern foreign policy demonstrates an evolution from defensive strategies to proactive leadership in shaping international rules and standards.</p><p>   The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of China's foreign policy from 1949 to the present.</p><p>   The results of the research show that China has gone through three stages in its foreign policy: the first stage (1949–1978) was characterized by a policy of confrontation with blocs and support for national liberation movements, and the second stage (1979–2013) focused on economic integration within the framework of globalization; the third stage, “Striving for Development” (1978-2012), “Rule-making” (from 2013 to the present) in which China actively participated in the development of international standards and global governance initiatives, was followed by the results of the study. Modern Chinese diplomacy combined economic, technological, and institutional instruments of influence to demonstrate institutional strengthening in multilateral formats. It promoted the “One Belt, One Road” initiative and actively participated in creating new standards for digital economy and climate regulations. Within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, it was necessary to update the paradigm of South-South Cooperation and create a “Global Partnership Network” covering 128 countries to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation and shared development. In conclusion, it is emphasized that China continues to form a new model of foreign policy activity focused on a balanced combination of national interests and the responsibilities of a great power in the context of an increasingly complex global dynamic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>социальная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>независимость</kwd><kwd>мирное сосуществование</kwd><kwd>социальная стабильность</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>social diplomacy</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>independence</kwd><kwd>peaceful coexistence</kwd><kwd>social stability</kwd><kwd>China</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Yongxin. 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