<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">qainar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Qainar Journal of Social Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Qainar Journal of Social Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2958-7212</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2958-7220</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Q University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58732/2958-7212-2024-4-64-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">qainar-288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция телемедицины и её развитие в системе здравоохранения Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of Telemedicine and Its Development in the Healthcare System of Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-5965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Култанова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kultanova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD докторант</p><p>Кызыорда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nurgul B. Kultanova, PhD student</p><p>Kyzylorda</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nurguldoctorphd28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-4681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спанкулова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spankulova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. э. н., профессор</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lazat S. Spankulova, Doc. Sc. (Econ.), Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spankulova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кызылординский университет им. Коркыт Ата<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Култанова Н.Б., Спанкулова Л.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Култанова Н.Б., Спанкулова Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kultanova N.B., Spankulova L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/288">https://www.journal-kainar.kz/jour/article/view/288</self-uri><abstract><p>   В данной статье рассматривается эволюция и современная роль телемедицины как цифровой инновации в здравоохранении с акцентом на её интеграцию в национальные системы здравоохранения. Телемедицина, которая обеспечивает удалённое взаимодействие между пациентами и специалистами здравоохранения с помощью информационно-коммуникационных технологий, становится всё более актуальной в связи с растущим спросом на доступные и экономически эффективные медицинские услуги. В исследовании подчёркивается глобальный интерес к телемедицине, что отражается в росте числа академических публикаций, индексируемых в базе данных Scopus по таким поисковым терминам, как «телемедицина и здравоохранение» и «телемедицина и услуги». Центральное внимание в статье уделяется развитию телемедицины в Казахстане, стране, сталкивающейся с проблемами, связанными с ростом расходов на здравоохранение.</p><p>   Целью исследования является изучение исторической траектории телемедицины и оценка её применения в системе здравоохранения Казахстана.</p><p>   Особое внимание уделяется функционированию Национальной телемедицинской сети (НТМС), включая количество медицинских учреждений, подключенных к системе, и текущий масштаб её развёртывания. Анализ также рассматривает институциональные и инфраструктурные аспекты, влияющие на эффективность интеграции телемедицины, такие как наличие технических ресурсов, человеческого капитала и нормативно-правовой базы. Исследование было ограничено нехваткой актуальных и всеобъемлющих данных о телемедицине в Казахстане, что затрудняет анализ текущих событий и тенденций. Тем не менее, результаты подчёркивают важность дальнейших инвестиций в телемедицину как стратегический компонент модернизации здравоохранения в Казахстане.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   This article examines the evolution and current role of telemedicine as a digital innovation in healthcare with an emphasis on its integration into national healthcare systems. With the help of digital technologies, patients can receive consultations from doctors, undergo diagnostics and health monitoring remotely. Telemedicine, which provides remote interaction between patients and healthcare professionals using information and communication technologies, is becoming increasingly relevant due to the growing demand for affordable and cost-effective healthcare services. The study highlights the global interest in telemedicine, reflected in the growing number of academic publications indexed in Scopus for search terms such as “telemedicine and healthcare” and “telemedicine and services”. The paper focuses on the development of telemedicine in Kazakhstan, a country facing challenges related to rising healthcare costs.</p><p>   The study aims to examine the historical trajectory of telemedicine and assess its implementation in the healthcare system of Kazakhstan.</p><p>   Particular attention is paid to the functioning of the National Telemedicine Network (NTN), including the number of healthcare facilities connected to the system and the current scale of its deployment. The analysis also considers institutional and infrastructural aspects that influence the effectiveness of telemedicine integration, such as the availability of technical resources, human capital, and the regulatory framework. The study was limited by the lack of up-to-date and comprehensive data on telemedicine in Kazakhstan, making it difficult to analyze current developments and trends. Nevertheless, the findings highlight the importance of further investment in telemedicine as a strategic component of healthcare modernization in Kazakhstan.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>телемедицина</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>цифровое здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>медицинские технологии</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>тelemedicine</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>digital healthcare</kwd><kwd>medical technologies</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Данное исследование профинансировано Комитетом науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан в рамках выполнения грантового проекта ИРН AP19679799 «Разработка модифицированной методологии оценки пространственных факторов роста и преодоления различий между регионами»</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan as part of the implementation of the IRN grant project AP19679799 "Development of a modified methodology for assessing spatial growth factors and overcoming differences between regions"</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereáñez J. A. G. Ethical and legal arguments about telemedicine in Colombia // Journal of Computer and Communications. - 2017. – Vol. 5, No. 3. – P. 116–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereáñez J. A. G. Ethical and legal arguments about telemedicine in Colombia // Journal of Computer and Communications. - 2017. – Vol. 5, No. 3. – P. 116–128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobrinskii B. A. E-Health and Telemedicine: Current State and Future Steps // E-Health Telecommunication Systems and Networks. – 2014. – Vol. 3. – P. 50–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobrinskii B. A. E-Health and Telemedicine: Current State and Future Steps // E-Health Telecommunication Systems and Networks. – 2014. – Vol. 3. – P. 50–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haleem A., Javaid M., Singh R. P., Suman R. Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications // Sensors International. – 2021. – Vol. 2. – 100117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haleem A., Javaid M., Singh R. P., Suman R. Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications // Sensors International. – 2021. – Vol. 2. – 100117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talal A. H., Sofikitou E. M., Jaanimägi U., Zeremski M., Tobin J. N., Markatou M. A framework for patient-centered telemedicine: application and lessons learned from vulnerable populations // Journal of Biomedical Informatics. – 2020. – Vol. 112. – 103622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talal A. H., Sofikitou E. M., Jaanimägi U., Zeremski M., Tobin J. N., Markatou M. A framework for patient-centered telemedicine: application and lessons learned from vulnerable populations // Journal of Biomedical Informatics. – 2020. – Vol. 112. – 103622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereáñez, J. A. G. Ethical and legal arguments about telemedicine in Colombia // Journal of Computer and Communications. – Vol. 5, No. 3. – P. 116-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereáñez, J. A. G. Ethical and legal arguments about telemedicine in Colombia // Journal of Computer and Communications. – Vol. 5, No. 3. – P. 116-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vo A.H., Brooks B., Ee M., Farr R., Raimer B.G. Benefits of Telemedicine in Remote Communities &amp; Use of Mobile and Wireless Platforms in Healthcare. – 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vo A.H., Brooks B., Ee M., Farr R., Raimer B.G. Benefits of Telemedicine in Remote Communities &amp; Use of Mobile and Wireless Platforms in Healthcare. – 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanova J., Cummins M. R., Ong T., Soni H. C., Barrera J. F., Wilczewski H., Welch B. M., Bunnell B. E.Regulation and Compliance in Telemedicine: Viewpoint // Journal of Medical Internet Research. – 2023. – Vol. 27. – e53558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova J., Cummins M. R., Ong T., Soni H. C., Barrera J. F., Wilczewski H., Welch B. M., Bunnell B. E.Regulation and Compliance in Telemedicine: Viewpoint // Journal of Medical Internet Research. – 2023. – Vol. 27. – e53558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kizito M., Mugabi E. N., Ford S., Holtz B. E., Hirko K. A. Characterizing Telehealth Barriers and Preferences to Promote Acceptable Implementation Strategies in Central Uganda: Multilevel Formative Evaluation // JMIR Formative Research. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – P. 1–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kizito M., Mugabi E. N., Ford S., Holtz B. E., Hirko K. A. Characterizing Telehealth Barriers and Preferences to Promote Acceptable Implementation Strategies in Central Uganda: Multilevel Formative Evaluation // JMIR Formative Research. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – P. 1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suleiman T. A., Adinoyi A.Telemedicine and Smart Healthcare – the Role of Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Cloud Services, and Other Enabling Technologies // International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 16, No. 3. – P. 31–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suleiman T. A., Adinoyi A.Telemedicine and Smart Healthcare – the Role of Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Cloud Services, and Other Enabling Technologies // International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 16, No. 3. – P. 31–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain A., Umair M., Khan S., Alonazi W. B., Almutairi S.S., Malik A. Exploring sustainable healthcare: innovations in health economics, social policy, and management// Heliyon. - 2024. – Vol. 10(13).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain A., Umair M., Khan S., Alonazi W. B., Almutairi S.S., Malik A. Exploring sustainable healthcare: innovations in health economics, social policy, and management// Heliyon. - 2024. – Vol. 10(13).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adel H. M., Khaled M., Yehya M. A., Elsayed R., Ali R. S., Ahmed F. E. Nexus Among Artificial Intelligence Implementation, Healthcare Social Innovation, and Green Image of Hospitals’ Operations Management in Egypt // Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain. – 2024. – Vol. 11. – 100156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adel H. M., Khaled M., Yehya M. A., Elsayed R., Ali R. S., Ahmed F. E. Nexus Among Artificial Intelligence Implementation, Healthcare Social Innovation, and Green Image of Hospitals’ Operations Management in Egypt // Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain. – 2024. – Vol. 11. – 100156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Bullen C., Chen J. Digital Health Innovations to Catalyze the Transition to Value-Based Health Care // JMIR Medical Informatics. – 2025. – Vol. 13. – e57385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Bullen C., Chen J. Digital Health Innovations to Catalyze the Transition to Value-Based Health Care // JMIR Medical Informatics. – 2025. – Vol. 13. – e57385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strehle E. M., Shabde N. One Hundred Years of Telemedicine: Does This New Technology Have a Place in Paediatrics? // Archives of Disease in Childhood. – 2006. – Vol. 91, No. 12. – P. 956–959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strehle E. M., Shabde N. One Hundred Years of Telemedicine: Does This New Technology Have a Place in Paediatrics? // Archives of Disease in Childhood. – 2006. – Vol. 91, No. 12. – P. 956–959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirzadfar H., Lotfi F. The Evolution and Transformation of Telemedicine // Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics. – 2017. – Vol. 3, No. 4. – P. 303–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirzadfar H., Lotfi F. The Evolution and Transformation of Telemedicine // Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics. – 2017. – Vol. 3, No. 4. – P. 303–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salehahmadi Z., Hajialiasghari F. Telemedicine in Iran: Chances and Challenges // World Journal of Plastic Surgery. – 2013. – Vol. 2, No. 1. – P. 18–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salehahmadi Z., Hajialiasghari F. Telemedicine in Iran: Chances and Challenges // World Journal of Plastic Surgery. – 2013. – Vol. 2, No. 1. – P. 18–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бюро национальной статистики Агентства по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан. Демографическая статистика. 2025 [Электронный ресурс] . – Режим доступа: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/184901/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бюро национальной статистики Агентства по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан. Демографическая статистика. 2025 [Электронный ресурс] . – Режим доступа: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/184901/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальный научный центр развития здравоохранения и Центр экономических исследований и совершенствования финансирования здравоохранения 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://nrchd.kz/files/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%202023/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%202022.pptx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Национальный научный центр развития здравоохранения и Центр экономических исследований и совершенствования финансирования здравоохранения 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://nrchd.kz/files/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%202023/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%202022.pptx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Официальный сайт Республиканского центра электронного здравоохранения. Раздел: Проекты. 2025 [Электронный ресурс] . – Режим доступа: https://rcez.kz/telemedicine.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Официальный сайт Республиканского центра электронного здравоохранения. Раздел: Проекты. 2025 [Электронный ресурс] . – Режим доступа: https://rcez.kz/telemedicine.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный обзор по передовому опыту. Телемедицина в Казахстане. 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345902/WHO-EURO-2018-3388-43147-60413-rus.pdf?sequence=3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Информационный обзор по передовому опыту. Телемедицина в Казахстане. 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345902/WHO-EURO-2018-3388-43147-60413-rus.pdf?sequence=3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О внесении изменений в постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 24 ноября 2022 года № 945 «Об утверждении Концепции развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан до 2026 года» 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000945</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">О внесении изменений в постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 24 ноября 2022 года № 945 «Об утверждении Концепции развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан до 2026 года» 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000945</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Comission. Market study on telemedicine. 2018. 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-08/2018_provision_marketstudy_telemedicine_en_0.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Comission. Market study on telemedicine. 2018. 2025 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-08/2018_provision_marketstudy_telemedicine_en_0.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
